Are you looking for Raspberry Pi Pico TFT LCD Touch Screen Tutorial? This tutorial will show you how to set up a TFT touch display with Pico using the micropython script. You will learn how to use the touch screen to control the Pico and how to display information on the screen.
By the end of this tutorial, you will have a working TFT touch display that you can use for your own projects. This is a great little display to use with your Raspberry Pi Pico as it’s very easy to set up and use.
Required materials
-
- 2.8-inch TFT touch display
- Raspberry Pi Pico
- Breadboard
- Jumper wires
- USB cable
ILI9341 Driver chip
The ILI9341 is a popular display driver chip that is commonly used in small to medium-sized TFT LCD displays. It is manufactured by the company ILI Technology Corp. It is created to drive displays with a resolution of up to 240×320 pixels, such as 2.8-inch TFT touch displays.
ILI9341 is truly a 262,144-color single-chip System-on-Chip (SOC) driver designed for a TFT (active-matrix thin-film transistor) liquid crystal display with a picture of 240RGBx320 dots.
The chip communicates with the microcontroller through SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface).
ILI9341 Features
- Display resolution: 240xRGB(H) x 320(V)
- Output:
- 720 source outputs
- 320 gate outputs
- Common electrode output (VCOM)
- a-TFT LCD driver with on-chip full display RAM: 172,800 bytes
- System Interface:
- 8-bits, 9-bits, 16-bits, 18-bits interface with 8080-Ⅰ/8080- Ⅱ series MCU
- 6-bit, 16-bit, 18-bits RGB interface with graphic controller
- 3-line / 4-line serial interface
- Display mode:
- Full-color mode (Idle mode OFF): 262K-color (selectable color depth mode by software)
- Reduce color mode (Idle mode ON): 8-color
- Power saving mode: Sleep mode
- On-chip functions:
- VCOM generator and adjustment
- Timing generator
- Oscillator
- DC/DC converter
- Line/frame inversion
- 1 preset Gamma curve with separate RGB Gamma correction
- Content Adaptive Brightness Control
- MTP (3 times): 8-bits for ID1, ID2, ID3, and 7-bits for VCOM adjustment
- Low-power consumption
- Low operating power supplies:
- VDDI = 1.65V ~ 3.3V (logic)
- VCI = 2.5V ~ 3.3V (analog)
- LCD Voltage drive:
- Source/VCOM power supply voltage DDVDH – GND = 4.5V ~ 5.8V
- VCL – GND = -1.5V ~ -2.5V
- Gate driver output voltage VGH – GND = 10.0V ~ 18.0V, VGL – GND = -5.0V ~ -10.0V, VGH – VGL ≦ 28V
- VCOM driver output voltage VCOMH = 3.0V ~ (DDVDH – 0.2)V, VCOML = (VCL+0.2)V ~ 0V, VCOMH – VCOML ≦ 6.0V
- Low operating power supplies:
- Operating temperature range: -40℃ to 85℃
2.8-inch TFT touch display
A 2.8-inch TFT touch display is a small screen that can display graphics and text. Its resolution is 320×240 pixels, which means it can show 320 pixels horizontally and 240 pixels vertically.
The display also touch-sensitive interface, which allows you to interact with your project by touching it with your finger or a stylus, similar to how you might use a smartphone or tablet. It is generally used in electronics projects like portable game consoles, digital picture frames, and small embedded hand-held devices.
TFT stands for “Thin-Film Transistor“, which is a type of technology used to create the display. This type of display is often used in projects that require a small, graphic touch screen that responds well to user touch.
Pinout Of 2.8 inch TFT touch display
Pin Name | Description |
---|---|
T_IRQ | Touch screen interrupt signal, low level when touch is detected |
T_DO | Touch SPI bus output |
T_DIN | Touch SPI bus input |
T_CS | Touch screen chip select signal, low level enable |
T_CLK | Touch SPI bus clock signal |
SDO | (MISO) SPI bus read data signal, if not needed, can be left unconnected |
LED | Backlight control, high-level lighting, if not controlled, connect to 3.3V to keep it always bright |
SCK | SPI bus clock signal |
SDI | (MOSI) SPI bus writes data signal |
DC/RS | LCD register/data selection signal, high level: register, low level: data |
RESET | LCD reset signal, low-level reset |
CS | LCD chip select signal, low level enable |
GND | Ground |
VCC | 5V/3.3V power input |
2.8 inch TFT touch display Specs
- Screen size: 2.8 inches
- Display Type: TFT LCD (Thin-Film Transistor)
- Driver IC: ILI9341
- Resolution: 320×240 pixels
- Touch panel: Resistive or capacitive touch
- Interface: SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface)
- Colors: 262K
- Operating voltage: 3.3V
- Backlight: LED
- Viewing angle: 80 degrees in all directions
- Size: 8.5 x 4.8cm
- Weight: 18g (approximately)
Interfacing TFT LCD Touch Screen Display With Raspberry Pi Pico
Pin mapping
Connect the pins according to the table given below:
ili9341 TFT Display Pin | Raspberry Pi Pico |
---|---|
VCC | 3.3V |
GND | GND |
CS | GP17 |
RESET | GP7 |
DC/RS | GP6 |
SDI(MOSI) | GP15 |
SCK | GP14 |
LED | 3.3V |
Once all the connections have been made, power on the Raspberry Pi Pico. Connect the display to Raspberry Pi Pico using jumper wires.
Micropython Code & Libraries
The code for interfacing the TFT LCD Touch Screen with Raspberry Pi Pico. The main code requires a library for TFT LCD Display. Getting Started With Raspberry Pi Pico With Thonny IDE! How to Install Thonny IDE
ili9341.py
Copy the following library code and save it to Raspberry Pi Pico as ili9341.py
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"""ILI9341 LCD/Touch module.""" from time import sleep from math import cos, sin, pi, radians from sys import implementation from framebuf import FrameBuffer, RGB565 # type: ignore import ustruct # type: ignore def color565(r, g, b): """Return RGB565 color value. Args: r (int): Red value. g (int): Green value. b (int): Blue value. """ return (r & 0xf8) << 8 | (g & 0xfc) << 3 | b >> 3 class Display(object): """Serial interface for 16-bit color (5-6-5 RGB) IL9341 display. Note: All coordinates are zero based. """ # Command constants from ILI9341 datasheet NOP = const(0x00) # No-op SWRESET = const(0x01) # Software reset RDDID = const(0x04) # Read display ID info RDDST = const(0x09) # Read display status SLPIN = const(0x10) # Enter sleep mode SLPOUT = const(0x11) # Exit sleep mode PTLON = const(0x12) # Partial mode on NORON = const(0x13) # Normal display mode on RDMODE = const(0x0A) # Read display power mode RDMADCTL = const(0x0B) # Read display MADCTL RDPIXFMT = const(0x0C) # Read display pixel format RDIMGFMT = const(0x0D) # Read display image format RDSELFDIAG = const(0x0F) # Read display self-diagnostic INVOFF = const(0x20) # Display inversion off INVON = const(0x21) # Display inversion on GAMMASET = const(0x26) # Gamma set DISPLAY_OFF = const(0x28) # Display off DISPLAY_ON = const(0x29) # Display on SET_COLUMN = const(0x2A) # Column address set SET_PAGE = const(0x2B) # Page address set WRITE_RAM = const(0x2C) # Memory write READ_RAM = const(0x2E) # Memory read PTLAR = const(0x30) # Partial area VSCRDEF = const(0x33) # Vertical scrolling definition MADCTL = const(0x36) # Memory access control VSCRSADD = const(0x37) # Vertical scrolling start address PIXFMT = const(0x3A) # COLMOD: Pixel format set WRITE_DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS = const(0x51) # Brightness hardware dependent! READ_DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS = const(0x52) WRITE_CTRL_DISPLAY = const(0x53) READ_CTRL_DISPLAY = const(0x54) WRITE_CABC = const(0x55) # Write Content Adaptive Brightness Control READ_CABC = const(0x56) # Read Content Adaptive Brightness Control WRITE_CABC_MINIMUM = const(0x5E) # Write CABC Minimum Brightness READ_CABC_MINIMUM = const(0x5F) # Read CABC Minimum Brightness FRMCTR1 = const(0xB1) # Frame rate control (In normal mode/full colors) FRMCTR2 = const(0xB2) # Frame rate control (In idle mode/8 colors) FRMCTR3 = const(0xB3) # Frame rate control (In partial mode/full colors) INVCTR = const(0xB4) # Display inversion control DFUNCTR = const(0xB6) # Display function control PWCTR1 = const(0xC0) # Power control 1 PWCTR2 = const(0xC1) # Power control 2 PWCTRA = const(0xCB) # Power control A PWCTRB = const(0xCF) # Power control B VMCTR1 = const(0xC5) # VCOM control 1 VMCTR2 = const(0xC7) # VCOM control 2 RDID1 = const(0xDA) # Read ID 1 RDID2 = const(0xDB) # Read ID 2 RDID3 = const(0xDC) # Read ID 3 RDID4 = const(0xDD) # Read ID 4 GMCTRP1 = const(0xE0) # Positive gamma correction GMCTRN1 = const(0xE1) # Negative gamma correction DTCA = const(0xE8) # Driver timing control A DTCB = const(0xEA) # Driver timing control B POSC = const(0xED) # Power on sequence control ENABLE3G = const(0xF2) # Enable 3 gamma control PUMPRC = const(0xF7) # Pump ratio control ROTATE = { 0: 0x88, 90: 0xE8, 180: 0x48, 270: 0x28 } def __init__(self, spi, cs, dc, rst, width=240, height=320, rotation=0): """Initialize OLED. Args: spi (Class Spi): SPI interface for OLED cs (Class Pin): Chip select pin dc (Class Pin): Data/Command pin rst (Class Pin): Reset pin width (Optional int): Screen width (default 240) height (Optional int): Screen height (default 320) rotation (Optional int): Rotation must be 0 default, 90. 180 or 270 """ self.spi = spi self.cs = cs self.dc = dc self.rst = rst self.width = width self.height = height if rotation not in self.ROTATE.keys(): raise RuntimeError('Rotation must be 0, 90, 180 or 270.') else: self.rotation = self.ROTATE[rotation] # Initialize GPIO pins and set implementation specific methods if implementation.name == 'circuitpython': self.cs.switch_to_output(value=True) self.dc.switch_to_output(value=False) self.rst.switch_to_output(value=True) self.reset = self.reset_cpy self.write_cmd = self.write_cmd_cpy self.write_data = self.write_data_cpy else: self.cs.init(self.cs.OUT, value=1) self.dc.init(self.dc.OUT, value=0) self.rst.init(self.rst.OUT, value=1) self.reset = self.reset_mpy self.write_cmd = self.write_cmd_mpy self.write_data = self.write_data_mpy self.reset() # Send initialization commands self.write_cmd(self.SWRESET) # Software reset sleep(.1) self.write_cmd(self.PWCTRB, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x30) # Pwr ctrl B self.write_cmd(self.POSC, 0x64, 0x03, 0x12, 0x81) # Pwr on seq. ctrl self.write_cmd(self.DTCA, 0x85, 0x00, 0x78) # Driver timing ctrl A self.write_cmd(self.PWCTRA, 0x39, 0x2C, 0x00, 0x34, 0x02) # Pwr ctrl A self.write_cmd(self.PUMPRC, 0x20) # Pump ratio control self.write_cmd(self.DTCB, 0x00, 0x00) # Driver timing ctrl B self.write_cmd(self.PWCTR1, 0x23) # Pwr ctrl 1 self.write_cmd(self.PWCTR2, 0x10) # Pwr ctrl 2 self.write_cmd(self.VMCTR1, 0x3E, 0x28) # VCOM ctrl 1 self.write_cmd(self.VMCTR2, 0x86) # VCOM ctrl 2 self.write_cmd(self.MADCTL, self.rotation) # Memory access ctrl self.write_cmd(self.VSCRSADD, 0x00) # Vertical scrolling start address self.write_cmd(self.PIXFMT, 0x55) # COLMOD: Pixel format self.write_cmd(self.FRMCTR1, 0x00, 0x18) # Frame rate ctrl self.write_cmd(self.DFUNCTR, 0x08, 0x82, 0x27) self.write_cmd(self.ENABLE3G, 0x00) # Enable 3 gamma ctrl self.write_cmd(self.GAMMASET, 0x01) # Gamma curve selected self.write_cmd(self.GMCTRP1, 0x0F, 0x31, 0x2B, 0x0C, 0x0E, 0x08, 0x4E, 0xF1, 0x37, 0x07, 0x10, 0x03, 0x0E, 0x09, 0x00) self.write_cmd(self.GMCTRN1, 0x00, 0x0E, 0x14, 0x03, 0x11, 0x07, 0x31, 0xC1, 0x48, 0x08, 0x0F, 0x0C, 0x31, 0x36, 0x0F) self.write_cmd(self.SLPOUT) # Exit sleep sleep(.1) self.write_cmd(self.DISPLAY_ON) # Display on sleep(.1) self.clear() def block(self, x0, y0, x1, y1, data): """Write a block of data to display. Args: x0 (int): Starting X position. y0 (int): Starting Y position. x1 (int): Ending X position. y1 (int): Ending Y position. data (bytes): Data buffer to write. """ self.write_cmd(self.SET_COLUMN, *ustruct.pack(">HH", x0, x1)) self.write_cmd(self.SET_PAGE, *ustruct.pack(">HH", y0, y1)) self.write_cmd(self.WRITE_RAM) self.write_data(data) def cleanup(self): """Clean up resources.""" self.clear() self.display_off() self.spi.deinit() print('display off') def clear(self, color=0): """Clear display. Args: color (Optional int): RGB565 color value (Default: 0 = Black). """ w = self.width h = self.height # Clear display in 1024 byte blocks if color: line = color.to_bytes(2, 'big') * (w * 8) else: line = bytearray(w * 16) for y in range(0, h, 8): self.block(0, y, w - 1, y + 7, line) def display_off(self): """Turn display off.""" self.write_cmd(self.DISPLAY_OFF) def display_on(self): """Turn display on.""" self.write_cmd(self.DISPLAY_ON) def draw_circle(self, x0, y0, r, color): """Draw a circle. Args: x0 (int): X coordinate of center point. y0 (int): Y coordinate of center point. r (int): Radius. color (int): RGB565 color value. """ f = 1 - r dx = 1 dy = -r - r x = 0 y = r self.draw_pixel(x0, y0 + r, color) self.draw_pixel(x0, y0 - r, color) self.draw_pixel(x0 + r, y0, color) self.draw_pixel(x0 - r, y0, color) while x < y: if f >= 0: y -= 1 dy += 2 f += dy x += 1 dx += 2 f += dx self.draw_pixel(x0 + x, y0 + y, color) self.draw_pixel(x0 - x, y0 + y, color) self.draw_pixel(x0 + x, y0 - y, color) self.draw_pixel(x0 - x, y0 - y, color) self.draw_pixel(x0 + y, y0 + x, color) self.draw_pixel(x0 - y, y0 + x, color) self.draw_pixel(x0 + y, y0 - x, color) self.draw_pixel(x0 - y, y0 - x, color) def draw_ellipse(self, x0, y0, a, b, color): """Draw an ellipse. Args: x0, y0 (int): Coordinates of center point. a (int): Semi axis horizontal. b (int): Semi axis vertical. color (int): RGB565 color value. Note: The center point is the center of the x0,y0 pixel. Since pixels are not divisible, the axes are integer rounded up to complete on a full pixel. Therefore the major and minor axes are increased by 1. """ a2 = a * a b2 = b * b twoa2 = a2 + a2 twob2 = b2 + b2 x = 0 y = b px = 0 py = twoa2 * y # Plot initial points self.draw_pixel(x0 + x, y0 + y, color) self.draw_pixel(x0 - x, y0 + y, color) self.draw_pixel(x0 + x, y0 - y, color) self.draw_pixel(x0 - x, y0 - y, color) # Region 1 p = round(b2 - (a2 * b) + (0.25 * a2)) while px < py: x += 1 px += twob2 if p < 0: p += b2 + px else: y -= 1 py -= twoa2 p += b2 + px - py self.draw_pixel(x0 + x, y0 + y, color) self.draw_pixel(x0 - x, y0 + y, color) self.draw_pixel(x0 + x, y0 - y, color) self.draw_pixel(x0 - x, y0 - y, color) # Region 2 p = round(b2 * (x + 0.5) * (x + 0.5) + a2 * (y - 1) * (y - 1) - a2 * b2) while y > 0: y -= 1 py -= twoa2 if p > 0: p += a2 - py else: x += 1 px += twob2 p += a2 - py + px self.draw_pixel(x0 + x, y0 + y, color) self.draw_pixel(x0 - x, y0 + y, color) self.draw_pixel(x0 + x, y0 - y, color) self.draw_pixel(x0 - x, y0 - y, color) def draw_hline(self, x, y, w, color): """Draw a horizontal line. Args: x (int): Starting X position. y (int): Starting Y position. w (int): Width of line. color (int): RGB565 color value. """ if self.is_off_grid(x, y, x + w - 1, y): return line = color.to_bytes(2, 'big') * w self.block(x, y, x + w - 1, y, line) def draw_image(self, path, x=0, y=0, w=320, h=240): """Draw image from flash. Args: path (string): Image file path. x (int): X coordinate of image left. Default is 0. y (int): Y coordinate of image top. Default is 0. w (int): Width of image. Default is 320. h (int): Height of image. Default is 240. """ x2 = x + w - 1 y2 = y + h - 1 if self.is_off_grid(x, y, x2, y2): return with open(path, "rb") as f: chunk_height = 1024 // w chunk_count, remainder = divmod(h, chunk_height) chunk_size = chunk_height * w * 2 chunk_y = y if chunk_count: for c in range(0, chunk_count): buf = f.read(chunk_size) self.block(x, chunk_y, x2, chunk_y + chunk_height - 1, buf) chunk_y += chunk_height if remainder: buf = f.read(remainder * w * 2) self.block(x, chunk_y, x2, chunk_y + remainder - 1, buf) def draw_letter(self, x, y, letter, font, color, background=0, landscape=False): """Draw a letter. Args: x (int): Starting X position. y (int): Starting Y position. letter (string): Letter to draw. font (XglcdFont object): Font. color (int): RGB565 color value. background (int): RGB565 background color (default: black). landscape (bool): Orientation (default: False = portrait) """ buf, w, h = font.get_letter(letter, color, background, landscape) # Check for errors (Font could be missing specified letter) if w == 0: return w, h if landscape: y -= w if self.is_off_grid(x, y, x + h - 1, y + w - 1): return 0, 0 self.block(x, y, x + h - 1, y + w - 1, buf) else: if self.is_off_grid(x, y, x + w - 1, y + h - 1): return 0, 0 self.block(x, y, x + w - 1, y + h - 1, buf) return w, h def draw_line(self, x1, y1, x2, y2, color): """Draw a line using Bresenham's algorithm. Args: x1, y1 (int): Starting coordinates of the line x2, y2 (int): Ending coordinates of the line color (int): RGB565 color value. """ # Check for horizontal line if y1 == y2: if x1 > x2: x1, x2 = x2, x1 self.draw_hline(x1, y1, x2 - x1 + 1, color) return # Check for vertical line if x1 == x2: if y1 > y2: y1, y2 = y2, y1 self.draw_vline(x1, y1, y2 - y1 + 1, color) return # Confirm coordinates in boundary if self.is_off_grid(min(x1, x2), min(y1, y2), max(x1, x2), max(y1, y2)): return # Changes in x, y dx = x2 - x1 dy = y2 - y1 # Determine how steep the line is is_steep = abs(dy) > abs(dx) # Rotate line if is_steep: x1, y1 = y1, x1 x2, y2 = y2, x2 # Swap start and end points if necessary if x1 > x2: x1, x2 = x2, x1 y1, y2 = y2, y1 # Recalculate differentials dx = x2 - x1 dy = y2 - y1 # Calculate error error = dx >> 1 ystep = 1 if y1 < y2 else -1 y = y1 for x in range(x1, x2 + 1): # Had to reverse HW ???? if not is_steep: self.draw_pixel(x, y, color) else: self.draw_pixel(y, x, color) error -= abs(dy) if error < 0: y += ystep error += dx def draw_lines(self, coords, color): """Draw multiple lines. Args: coords ([[int, int],...]): Line coordinate X, Y pairs color (int): RGB565 color value. """ # Starting point x1, y1 = coords[0] # Iterate through coordinates for i in range(1, len(coords)): x2, y2 = coords[i] self.draw_line(x1, y1, x2, y2, color) x1, y1 = x2, y2 def draw_pixel(self, x, y, color): """Draw a single pixel. Args: x (int): X position. y (int): Y position. color (int): RGB565 color value. """ if self.is_off_grid(x, y, x, y): return self.block(x, y, x, y, color.to_bytes(2, 'big')) def draw_polygon(self, sides, x0, y0, r, color, rotate=0): """Draw an n-sided regular polygon. Args: sides (int): Number of polygon sides. x0, y0 (int): Coordinates of center point. r (int): Radius. color (int): RGB565 color value. rotate (Optional float): Rotation in degrees relative to origin. Note: The center point is the center of the x0,y0 pixel. Since pixels are not divisible, the radius is integer rounded up to complete on a full pixel. Therefore diameter = 2 x r + 1. """ coords = [] theta = radians(rotate) n = sides + 1 for s in range(n): t = 2.0 * pi * s / sides + theta coords.append([int(r * cos(t) + x0), int(r * sin(t) + y0)]) # Cast to python float first to fix rounding errors self.draw_lines(coords, color=color) def draw_rectangle(self, x, y, w, h, color): """Draw a rectangle. Args: x (int): Starting X position. y (int): Starting Y position. w (int): Width of rectangle. h (int): Height of rectangle. color (int): RGB565 color value. """ x2 = x + w - 1 y2 = y + h - 1 self.draw_hline(x, y, w, color) self.draw_hline(x, y2, w, color) self.draw_vline(x, y, h, color) self.draw_vline(x2, y, h, color) def draw_sprite(self, buf, x, y, w, h): """Draw a sprite (optimized for horizontal drawing). Args: buf (bytearray): Buffer to draw. x (int): Starting X position. y (int): Starting Y position. w (int): Width of drawing. h (int): Height of drawing. """ x2 = x + w - 1 y2 = y + h - 1 if self.is_off_grid(x, y, x2, y2): return self.block(x, y, x2, y2, buf) def draw_text(self, x, y, text, font, color, background=0, landscape=False, spacing=1): """Draw text. Args: x (int): Starting X position. y (int): Starting Y position. text (string): Text to draw. font (XglcdFont object): Font. color (int): RGB565 color value. background (int): RGB565 background color (default: black). landscape (bool): Orientation (default: False = portrait) spacing (int): Pixels between letters (default: 1) """ for letter in text: # Get letter array and letter dimensions w, h = self.draw_letter(x, y, letter, font, color, background, landscape) # Stop on error if w == 0 or h == 0: print('Invalid width {0} or height {1}'.format(w, h)) return if landscape: # Fill in spacing if spacing: self.fill_hrect(x, y - w - spacing, h, spacing, background) # Position y for next letter y -= (w + spacing) else: # Fill in spacing if spacing: self.fill_hrect(x + w, y, spacing, h, background) # Position x for next letter x += (w + spacing) # # Fill in spacing # if spacing: # self.fill_vrect(x + w, y, spacing, h, background) # # Position x for next letter # x += w + spacing def draw_text8x8(self, x, y, text, color, background=0, rotate=0): """Draw text using built-in MicroPython 8x8 bit font. Args: x (int): Starting X position. y (int): Starting Y position. text (string): Text to draw. color (int): RGB565 color value. background (int): RGB565 background color (default: black). rotate(int): 0, 90, 180, 270 """ w = len(text) * 8 h = 8 # Confirm coordinates in boundary if self.is_off_grid(x, y, x + 7, y + 7): return # Rearrange color r = (color & 0xF800) >> 8 g = (color & 0x07E0) >> 3 b = (color & 0x1F) << 3 buf = bytearray(w * 16) fbuf = FrameBuffer(buf, w, h, RGB565) if background != 0: bg_r = (background & 0xF800) >> 8 bg_g = (background & 0x07E0) >> 3 bg_b = (background & 0x1F) << 3 fbuf.fill(color565(bg_b, bg_r, bg_g)) fbuf.text(text, 0, 0, color565(b, r, g)) if rotate == 0: self.block(x, y, x + w - 1, y + (h - 1), buf) elif rotate == 90: buf2 = bytearray(w * 16) fbuf2 = FrameBuffer(buf2, h, w, RGB565) for y1 in range(h): for x1 in range(w): fbuf2.pixel(y1, x1, fbuf.pixel(x1, (h - 1) - y1)) self.block(x, y, x + (h - 1), y + w - 1, buf2) elif rotate == 180: buf2 = bytearray(w * 16) fbuf2 = FrameBuffer(buf2, w, h, RGB565) for y1 in range(h): for x1 in range(w): fbuf2.pixel(x1, y1, fbuf.pixel((w - 1) - x1, (h - 1) - y1)) self.block(x, y, x + w - 1, y + (h - 1), buf2) elif rotate == 270: buf2 = bytearray(w * 16) fbuf2 = FrameBuffer(buf2, h, w, RGB565) for y1 in range(h): for x1 in range(w): fbuf2.pixel(y1, x1, fbuf.pixel((w - 1) - x1, y1)) self.block(x, y, x + (h - 1), y + w - 1, buf2) def draw_vline(self, x, y, h, color): """Draw a vertical line. Args: x (int): Starting X position. y (int): Starting Y position. h (int): Height of line. color (int): RGB565 color value. """ # Confirm coordinates in boundary if self.is_off_grid(x, y, x, y + h - 1): return line = color.to_bytes(2, 'big') * h self.block(x, y, x, y + h - 1, line) def fill_circle(self, x0, y0, r, color): """Draw a filled circle. Args: x0 (int): X coordinate of center point. y0 (int): Y coordinate of center point. r (int): Radius. color (int): RGB565 color value. """ f = 1 - r dx = 1 dy = -r - r x = 0 y = r self.draw_vline(x0, y0 - r, 2 * r + 1, color) while x < y: if f >= 0: y -= 1 dy += 2 f += dy x += 1 dx += 2 f += dx self.draw_vline(x0 + x, y0 - y, 2 * y + 1, color) self.draw_vline(x0 - x, y0 - y, 2 * y + 1, color) self.draw_vline(x0 - y, y0 - x, 2 * x + 1, color) self.draw_vline(x0 + y, y0 - x, 2 * x + 1, color) def fill_ellipse(self, x0, y0, a, b, color): """Draw a filled ellipse. Args: x0, y0 (int): Coordinates of center point. a (int): Semi axis horizontal. b (int): Semi axis vertical. color (int): RGB565 color value. Note: The center point is the center of the x0,y0 pixel. Since pixels are not divisible, the axes are integer rounded up to complete on a full pixel. Therefore the major and minor axes are increased by 1. """ a2 = a * a b2 = b * b twoa2 = a2 + a2 twob2 = b2 + b2 x = 0 y = b px = 0 py = twoa2 * y # Plot initial points self.draw_line(x0, y0 - y, x0, y0 + y, color) # Region 1 p = round(b2 - (a2 * b) + (0.25 * a2)) while px < py: x += 1 px += twob2 if p < 0: p += b2 + px else: y -= 1 py -= twoa2 p += b2 + px - py self.draw_line(x0 + x, y0 - y, x0 + x, y0 + y, color) self.draw_line(x0 - x, y0 - y, x0 - x, y0 + y, color) # Region 2 p = round(b2 * (x + 0.5) * (x + 0.5) + a2 * (y - 1) * (y - 1) - a2 * b2) while y > 0: y -= 1 py -= twoa2 if p > 0: p += a2 - py else: x += 1 px += twob2 p += a2 - py + px self.draw_line(x0 + x, y0 - y, x0 + x, y0 + y, color) self.draw_line(x0 - x, y0 - y, x0 - x, y0 + y, color) def fill_hrect(self, x, y, w, h, color): """Draw a filled rectangle (optimized for horizontal drawing). Args: x (int): Starting X position. y (int): Starting Y position. w (int): Width of rectangle. h (int): Height of rectangle. color (int): RGB565 color value. """ if self.is_off_grid(x, y, x + w - 1, y + h - 1): return chunk_height = 1024 // w chunk_count, remainder = divmod(h, chunk_height) chunk_size = chunk_height * w chunk_y = y if chunk_count: buf = color.to_bytes(2, 'big') * chunk_size for c in range(0, chunk_count): self.block(x, chunk_y, x + w - 1, chunk_y + chunk_height - 1, buf) chunk_y += chunk_height if remainder: buf = color.to_bytes(2, 'big') * remainder * w self.block(x, chunk_y, x + w - 1, chunk_y + remainder - 1, buf) def fill_rectangle(self, x, y, w, h, color): """Draw a filled rectangle. Args: x (int): Starting X position. y (int): Starting Y position. w (int): Width of rectangle. h (int): Height of rectangle. color (int): RGB565 color value. """ if self.is_off_grid(x, y, x + w - 1, y + h - 1): return if w > h: self.fill_hrect(x, y, w, h, color) else: self.fill_vrect(x, y, w, h, color) def fill_polygon(self, sides, x0, y0, r, color, rotate=0): """Draw a filled n-sided regular polygon. Args: sides (int): Number of polygon sides. x0, y0 (int): Coordinates of center point. r (int): Radius. color (int): RGB565 color value. rotate (Optional float): Rotation in degrees relative to origin. Note: The center point is the center of the x0,y0 pixel. Since pixels are not divisible, the radius is integer rounded up to complete on a full pixel. Therefore diameter = 2 x r + 1. """ # Determine side coordinates coords = [] theta = radians(rotate) n = sides + 1 for s in range(n): t = 2.0 * pi * s / sides + theta coords.append([int(r * cos(t) + x0), int(r * sin(t) + y0)]) # Starting point x1, y1 = coords[0] # Minimum Maximum X dict xdict = {y1: [x1, x1]} # Iterate through coordinates for row in coords[1:]: x2, y2 = row xprev, yprev = x2, y2 # Calculate perimeter # Check for horizontal side if y1 == y2: if x1 > x2: x1, x2 = x2, x1 if y1 in xdict: xdict[y1] = [min(x1, xdict[y1][0]), max(x2, xdict[y1][1])] else: xdict[y1] = [x1, x2] x1, y1 = xprev, yprev continue # Non horizontal side # Changes in x, y dx = x2 - x1 dy = y2 - y1 # Determine how steep the line is is_steep = abs(dy) > abs(dx) # Rotate line if is_steep: x1, y1 = y1, x1 x2, y2 = y2, x2 # Swap start and end points if necessary if x1 > x2: x1, x2 = x2, x1 y1, y2 = y2, y1 # Recalculate differentials dx = x2 - x1 dy = y2 - y1 # Calculate error error = dx >> 1 ystep = 1 if y1 < y2 else -1 y = y1 # Calcualte minimum and maximum x values for x in range(x1, x2 + 1): if is_steep: if x in xdict: xdict[x] = [min(y, xdict[x][0]), max(y, xdict[x][1])] else: xdict[x] = [y, y] else: if y in xdict: xdict[y] = [min(x, xdict[y][0]), max(x, xdict[y][1])] else: xdict[y] = [x, x] error -= abs(dy) if error < 0: y += ystep error += dx x1, y1 = xprev, yprev # Fill polygon for y, x in xdict.items(): self.draw_hline(x[0], y, x[1] - x[0] + 2, color) def fill_vrect(self, x, y, w, h, color): """Draw a filled rectangle (optimized for vertical drawing). Args: x (int): Starting X position. y (int): Starting Y position. w (int): Width of rectangle. h (int): Height of rectangle. color (int): RGB565 color value. """ if self.is_off_grid(x, y, x + w - 1, y + h - 1): return chunk_width = 1024 // h chunk_count, remainder = divmod(w, chunk_width) chunk_size = chunk_width * h chunk_x = x if chunk_count: buf = color.to_bytes(2, 'big') * chunk_size for c in range(0, chunk_count): self.block(chunk_x, y, chunk_x + chunk_width - 1, y + h - 1, buf) chunk_x += chunk_width if remainder: buf = color.to_bytes(2, 'big') * remainder * h self.block(chunk_x, y, chunk_x + remainder - 1, y + h - 1, buf) def is_off_grid(self, xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax): """Check if coordinates extend past display boundaries. Args: xmin (int): Minimum horizontal pixel. ymin (int): Minimum vertical pixel. xmax (int): Maximum horizontal pixel. ymax (int): Maximum vertical pixel. Returns: boolean: False = Coordinates OK, True = Error. """ if xmin < 0: print('x-coordinate: {0} below minimum of 0.'.format(xmin)) return True if ymin < 0: print('y-coordinate: {0} below minimum of 0.'.format(ymin)) return True if xmax >= self.width: print('x-coordinate: {0} above maximum of {1}.'.format( xmax, self.width - 1)) return True if ymax >= self.height: print('y-coordinate: {0} above maximum of {1}.'.format( ymax, self.height - 1)) return True return False def load_sprite(self, path, w, h): """Load sprite image. Args: path (string): Image file path. w (int): Width of image. h (int): Height of image. Notes: w x h cannot exceed 2048 """ buf_size = w * h * 2 with open(path, "rb") as f: return f.read(buf_size) def reset_cpy(self): """Perform reset: Low=initialization, High=normal operation. Notes: CircuitPython implemntation """ self.rst.value = False sleep(.05) self.rst.value = True sleep(.05) def reset_mpy(self): """Perform reset: Low=initialization, High=normal operation. Notes: MicroPython implemntation """ self.rst(0) sleep(.05) self.rst(1) sleep(.05) def scroll(self, y): """Scroll display vertically. Args: y (int): Number of pixels to scroll display. """ self.write_cmd(self.VSCRSADD, y >> 8, y & 0xFF) def set_scroll(self, top, bottom): """Set the height of the top and bottom scroll margins. Args: top (int): Height of top scroll margin bottom (int): Height of bottom scroll margin """ if top + bottom <= self.height: middle = self.height - (top + bottom) print(top, middle, bottom) self.write_cmd(self.VSCRDEF, top >> 8, top & 0xFF, middle >> 8, middle & 0xFF, bottom >> 8, bottom & 0xFF) def sleep(self, enable=True): """Enters or exits sleep mode. Args: enable (bool): True (default)=Enter sleep mode, False=Exit sleep """ if enable: self.write_cmd(self.SLPIN) else: self.write_cmd(self.SLPOUT) def write_cmd_mpy(self, command, *args): """Write command to OLED (MicroPython). Args: command (byte): ILI9341 command code. *args (optional bytes): Data to transmit. """ self.dc(0) self.cs(0) self.spi.write(bytearray([command])) self.cs(1) # Handle any passed data if len(args) > 0: self.write_data(bytearray(args)) def write_cmd_cpy(self, command, *args): """Write command to OLED (CircuitPython). Args: command (byte): ILI9341 command code. *args (optional bytes): Data to transmit. """ self.dc.value = False self.cs.value = False # Confirm SPI locked before writing while not self.spi.try_lock(): pass self.spi.write(bytearray([command])) self.spi.unlock() self.cs.value = True # Handle any passed data if len(args) > 0: self.write_data(bytearray(args)) def write_data_mpy(self, data): """Write data to OLED (MicroPython). Args: data (bytes): Data to transmit. """ self.dc(1) self.cs(0) self.spi.write(data) self.cs(1) def write_data_cpy(self, data): """Write data to OLED (CircuitPython). Args: data (bytes): Data to transmit. """ self.dc.value = True self.cs.value = False # Confirm SPI locked before writing while not self.spi.try_lock(): pass self.spi.write(data) self.spi.unlock() self.cs.value = True |
Example Code
colors.py
This micropython script tests a display screen by setting its color to different values.
The script sets the display color to red and waits for 1 second using the sleep() function. It repeats this process, setting the display color to different colors (orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, pink, brown, gray, and white) and waiting for 1 second each time.
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from time import sleep from ili9341 import Display, color565 from machine import Pin, SPI def test(): """Test code.""" # Baud rate of 40000000 seems about the max spi = SPI(1, baudrate=10000000, sck=Pin(14), mosi=Pin(15)) display = Display(spi, dc=Pin(6), cs=Pin(17), rst=Pin(7)) # Set display color to red display.clear(color565(255, 0, 0)) sleep(1) # Set display color to orange display.clear(color565(255, 128, 0)) sleep(1) # Set display color to yellow display.clear(color565(255, 255, 0)) sleep(1) # Set display color to green display.clear(color565(0, 255, 0)) sleep(1) # Set display color to blue display.clear(color565(0, 0, 255)) sleep(1) # Set display color to purple display.clear(color565(128, 0, 128)) sleep(1) # Set display color to pink display.clear(color565(255, 192, 203)) sleep(1) # Set display color to brown display.clear(color565(139, 69, 19)) sleep(1) # Set display color to gray display.clear(color565(128, 128, 128)) sleep(1) # Set display color to white display.clear(color565(255, 255, 255)) sleep(1) test() |
Working
animation.py
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from time import sleep from ili9341 import Display, color565 from machine import Pin, SPI # Constants SPI_SPEED = 10000000 DC_PIN = Pin(6) CS_PIN = Pin(17) RST_PIN = Pin(7) BACK_COLOR = color565(0, 0, 0) RECT_COLOR = color565(255, 0, 0) POLY_COLOR = color565(0, 64, 255) CIRC_COLOR = color565(0, 255, 0) ELLP_COLOR = color565(255, 0, 0) # Create display object spi = SPI(1, baudrate=SPI_SPEED, sck=Pin(14), mosi=Pin(15)) display = Display(spi, dc=DC_PIN, cs=CS_PIN, rst=RST_PIN) # Draw rectangles def draw_rectangles(): for x in range(0, 225, 15): display.fill_rectangle(x, 0, 15, 227, RECT_COLOR) # Draw polygons def draw_polygons(): display.fill_polygon(7, 120, 120, 100, POLY_COLOR) sleep(1) display.draw_polygon(3, 120, 286, 30, POLY_COLOR, rotate=15) sleep(3) # Draw circles def draw_circles(): display.fill_circle(132, 132, 70, CIRC_COLOR) sleep(1) display.draw_circle(132, 96, 70, color565(0, 0, 255)) sleep(1) # Draw ellipses def draw_ellipses(): display.fill_ellipse(96, 96, 30, 16, ELLP_COLOR) sleep(1) display.draw_ellipse(96, 256, 16, 30, color565(255, 255, 0)) # Clear screen and draw shapes display.clear(BACK_COLOR) draw_rectangles() display.clear(BACK_COLOR) draw_polygons() display.clear(BACK_COLOR) draw_circles() display.clear(BACK_COLOR) draw_ellipses() # Clean up display.cleanup() |
Working
bouncing_box.py
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from machine import Pin, SPI from random import random, seed from ili9341 import Display, color565 from utime import sleep_us, ticks_cpu, ticks_us, ticks_diff class Box(object): """Bouncing box.""" def __init__(self, screen_width, screen_height, size, display, color): """Initialize box. Args: screen_width (int): Width of screen. screen_height (int): Width of height. size (int): Square side length. display (ILI9341): display object. color (int): RGB565 color value. """ self.size = size self.w = screen_width self.h = screen_height self.display = display self.color = color # Generate non-zero random speeds between -5.0 and 5.0 seed(ticks_cpu()) r = random() * 10.0 self.x_speed = 5.0 - r if r < 5.0 else r - 10.0 r = random() * 10.0 self.y_speed = 5.0 - r if r < 5.0 else r - 10.0 self.x = self.w / 2.0 self.y = self.h / 2.0 self.prev_x = self.x self.prev_y = self.y def update_pos(self): """Update box position and speed.""" x = self.x y = self.y size = self.size w = self.w h = self.h x_speed = abs(self.x_speed) y_speed = abs(self.y_speed) self.prev_x = x self.prev_y = y if x + size >= w - x_speed: self.x_speed = -x_speed elif x - size <= x_speed + 1: self.x_speed = x_speed if y + size >= h - y_speed: self.y_speed = -y_speed elif y - size <= y_speed + 1: self.y_speed = y_speed self.x = x + self.x_speed self.y = y + self.y_speed def draw(self): """Draw box.""" x = int(self.x) y = int(self.y) size = self.size prev_x = int(self.prev_x) prev_y = int(self.prev_y) self.display.fill_hrect(prev_x - size, prev_y - size, size, size, 0) self.display.fill_hrect(x - size, y - size, size, size, self.color) def test(): """Bouncing box.""" try: # Baud rate of 40000000 seems about the max spi = SPI(1, baudrate=10000000, sck=Pin(14), mosi=Pin(15)) display = Display(spi, dc=Pin(6), cs=Pin(17), rst=Pin(7)) display.clear() colors = [color565(255, 0, 0), color565(0, 255, 0), color565(0, 0, 255), color565(255, 255, 0), color565(0, 255, 255), color565(255, 0, 255)] sizes = [12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7] boxes = [Box(239, 319, sizes[i], display, colors[i]) for i in range(6)] while True: timer = ticks_us() for b in boxes: b.update_pos() b.draw() # Attempt to set framerate to 30 FPS timer_dif = 33333 - ticks_diff(ticks_us(), timer) if timer_dif > 0: sleep_us(timer_dif) except KeyboardInterrupt: display.cleanup() test() |
Working
Display Your Image on a Raspberry Pi Pico! 2.8″ TFT LCD
To display an image on a 2.8″ TFT LCD screen & Raspberry Pi Pico, first, the image must be converted into a raw format that is compatible with the screen. This can be done with an image editor or an online converter tool.
To convert an image with a size of 240×320 pixels to a raw file format, you can use Python or any online converter tool. Here is an example Python script that we can use to convert an image to raw format:
Install Pillow library in Thonny IDE
Open the “Tools” menu and click on “Manage packages”. Search “Pillow” and install it.
Alternatively, you can also install Pillow using pip command
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pip3 install pillow |
To convert a JPG image to a raw image file using the Pillow library in Python, you can use the following code:
img2rgb565.py
Create a new folder and Save the following code as “img2rgb565.py” in the new folder.
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# Set the encoding to UTF-8 # This is important when working with non-ASCII characters in the code or input files # as it ensures that the interpreter can correctly decode them. # Without this, the program may crash with a UnicodeDecodeError. # For more information: https://docs.python.org/3/howto/unicode.html # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Import necessary modules from PIL import Image from struct import pack from os import path import sys def error(msg): """Display error and exit.""" print (msg) sys.exit(-1) def write_bin(f, pixel_list): """Save image in RGB565 format.""" # Convert each pixel's RGB values to RGB565 format for pix in pixel_list: r = (pix[0] >> 3) & 0x1F g = (pix[1] >> 2) & 0x3F b = (pix[2] >> 3) & 0x1F # Write the pixel data to the output file in big-endian byte order f.write(pack('>H', (r << 11) + (g << 5) + b)) if __name__ == '__main__': # Get the input filename from the command-line arguments args = sys.argv # Check that only one argument was passed (the input filename) if len(args) != 2: error('Please specify input file: ./img2rgb565.py testing.png') # Get the input filename and check that it exists in_path = args[1] if not path.exists(in_path): error('File Not Found: ' + in_path) # Set the output filename to the input filename with .raw extension filename, ext = path.splitext(in_path) out_path = filename + '.raw' # Open the input image and convert it to RGB mode img = Image.open(in_path).convert('RGB') # Get the RGB values for each pixel in the image and store them in a list pixels = list(img.getdata()) # Open the output file and write the RGB565 pixel data to it with open(out_path, 'wb') as f: write_bin(f, pixels) # Print a message indicating that the output file was saved print('Saved: ' + out_path) |
The provided above code converts image files to raw format.
To use this script, you will need to have Python installed on your system and have the PIL (Python Imaging Library) package installed.
You must install the necessary dependencies Before running the script from the command line by specifying the input image file as an view.
For example, if you have an image file named “test.png” in the same directory as the img2rgb565.py script. As long as the image file and the script file are in the same directory,
Now open the code img2rgb565.py in thonny IDE
Run command to convert jpg file to RAW file
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%Run img2rgb565.py test.png |
This assumes that the name of your input file is test.png
. If your file has a different name, you will need to replace test.png
with the actual name of your file.
After running script, it will create a new file in the same directory with the name test.raw
This file contains the raw binary data of the image.
Next step upload the test.raw
file into Raspberry pi pico w
Now that you have generated the test.raw file and uploaded it to your Raspberry Pi Pico, you can use it to display the image on your display, using the following script.
Image.py
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from time import sleep from ili9341 import Display from machine import Pin, SPI def test(): """Test code.""" # Baud rate of 40000000 seems about the max spi = SPI(1, baudrate=10000000, sck=Pin(14), mosi=Pin(15)) display = Display(spi, dc=Pin(6), cs=Pin(17), rst=Pin(7)) display.draw_image('test.raw', 0, 0, 240, 320) sleep(200) display.cleanup() test() |
Working
5 Comments
Great display and very interesting post.
The picture conversion sequence is very helpful, thanks.
Are you going to explain how to use the touch screen and calibrate it?
I had a try here: https://community.element14.com/products/roadtest/rv/roadtest_reviews/964/raspberry_pi_pico
About 80% of the way through.
Damn – so no touch instructions at all ?
This guy has a working driver for xpt2046 touch IC https://www.rototron.info/projects/esp32-pwned-password-checker/
And here is a working (but not micropython) example for CST820 touch IC : https://github.com/NoosaHydro/2.4inch_ESP32-2432S024/tree/main/1-Demo/Demo_Arduino/1_2_Factory_samples_Capacitive_touch/Factory_samples_Capacitive_touch
hope that helps someone 🙂
Damn – so no touch instructions at all ?
This guy has a working driver for xpt2046 touch IC https://www.rototron.info/projects/esp32-pwned-password-checker/
And here is a working (but not micropython) example for CST820 touch IC : https://github.com/NoosaHydro/2.4inch_ESP32-2432S024/tree/main/1-Demo/Demo_Arduino/1_2_Factory_samples_Capacitive_touch/Factory_samples_Capacitive_touch
hope that helps someone 🙂
thank you, it work fine just after i discovered that in the wiring diagram the display picture of the screen is in the wrong orientation.
Hello, would it be possible to play a short video clip with this arrangement?